Saturday, January 1, 2011

Medieval India Coinage

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Medieval India Coinage





Map of Medieval India, Courtesy Government of India

The Arabs conquered Sindh in 712 AD and ruled it as a province of the Caliphate. By the 9th Century AD, provincial governors established independent rule and struck their own coins. However, it was with the emergence of Turkish Sultans of Delhi in the 12th Century that a decisive break was made with the past and the existing motifs were gradually replaced by Islamic devices, largely calligraphy. The unit of account came to be consolidated and was referred to as the 'tanka' with the 'jittals' as the smaller value coins. With the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526 AD) came the attempt at standardisation. This period was marked by a considerable expansion of the money economy. Coins were struck in gold, silver and copper. In the monetary system, the equation between gold and silver was probably at 1:10. The Khilji rulers issued coins in abundance with grandiloquent titles (Ala-ud-din Khilji struck coins assuming the title 'Sikandar al Sani', the second Alexander) as well as honorific epithets for mints (the Delhi mint bore titles 'Hazrat Dar-al-Khilafat, etc.).
DescriptionObverseReverse
Coin of Nasiru-d-din Mahmud
1246 - 1266 AD
Coin of Ghiyasu-d-din Balban
1266 - 1287 AD
Coins of the Delhi Sultanate


SSC MATHEMATICS PAPER-2 FORMAT & BLUE PRINT

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MODEL QUESTION PAPER FORMAT
SUBJECT :: MATHEMATICS
Paper - II                                                 Max Marks : 50                                   Time : 2 1/2 Hours.

This paper - II consists the following Topics/Chapters
Topic/Chapter
Number in the text book  & Chapter / Topic
7. Geometry
8. Analytic Geometry 
9. Trigonometry
10. Statistics
11. Matrices
12. Computing

There are two (2) parts : Part - "A" and part -"B"
Part - A                                                         35 Marks                                    Time : 2 Hours.
This part "A" consists for sections i.e., section I to IV

                                                                        Section - I                                 5x2=10Marks
( Short Answer Type )
Answer any five questions choosing at-least two (2) from each of the following groups i.e., Group "A" and Group "B".

Group " A" 
Under this group "A four (4) question ( i.e., questions 1 to 4 are given covering following Topics/ Chapters.

7. Geometry. 8.Analytic Geometry and 10 Statistics
( minimum of one question from each Chapter )

Group "B"
The four  (4) questions ( i.e., questions 5 to 8 ) of this group cover the following chapters.
9.Trigonometry 11. Matrices 12. Computing
( Minimum of one question from each Chapter)

                                                                       Section - II                                              4x1=4Marks
( Very Short Answer Type )
Answer any four (4) questions (i.e., questions 9to 14 ) from the following six questions.
(One question from each of the six chapters to be given)